Thus, along with the wooden drums that had always been an integral part of Cumbia comes the contribution from the Colombian natives the wind instruments, which in cumbia involves three different flutes (gaitas) of Colombian origin: The male flute or gaita macho which gives rhythmic and harmonic support to the female flute or gaita hembra which carries the melodies. Today, modern deep-toned drums are used in Cumbia as well and the drums are played either with hands or with sticks. Cumbia interpreters produce variations of the sound emitted by the drum by hitting it on almost every area of the wooden base and dry skin. Natives used wood, ropes, and dried animal skins to make their drums. As mentioned before Cumbia drums were of African origin and were brought along with slaves to the new world by the Spanish conquerors. The European influence provides some variations in the melodies, choreography and costumes of the dancers. The African influence gives the rhythm of the drums while the Indigenous based flute blends in the melody. It brings together three cultures – African, Indigenous and European. Cumbia is one of the most melodic representative expressions of Colombia. The African natives got acquainted with some of the local ethnic groups such as the Kogui, the Kuna and the Amerindians, and their music gradually got incorporated into Cumbia, soon this original mix of cultures developed into a courtship ritual.ĭue to its origins Cumbia was deemed as a dance form not appropriate for people coming from the higher strata of society, and it was considered to be an unconventional dance performed primarily by the lower social classes, till around the middle of the 20th century, today the Cumbia dance is a recognized dance form, loved by people all over the world. Furthermore, it should be noted that the rhythm of Cumbia can be found in music of Yoruba (more specifically, the rhythm is associated with the god Obatala), and in other musical traditions across West Africa.Īt the beginning the Cumbia dance was only practiced among the African slave population and was mainly performed with just drums and claves, but as time went by its original form was influenced by other forms of music. Today Cumbia is the national dance of Colombia which gradually has evolved around this music and came to be known as the Cumbia dance.Ĭumbia started in the Caribbean coast of eastern Colombia, mainly in or around Cartagena during the period of Spanish colonization, Spain built ports in the coast of Colombia and with the gold they stole from the natives they imported African slaves who tried to preserve their musical traditions, therefore it is often asserted that Cumbia is a variant of Guinean cumbe music. However, Cumbia is a musical and cultural fusion of Native Colombians, slaves brought from Africa, and the Spanish. This item may be available elsewhere in EconPapers: Search for items with the same title.Cumbia is a traditional form of music and dance originated in Colombia’s Caribbean coastal region its roots come mainly from Africa, in fact the name of this traditional dance its comes from the African term cumbe which means revelry or party. Journal Article: Subsidized childcare and child development in Colombia: Effects of Hogares Comunitarios de Bienestar as a function of timing and length of exposure (2013) Keywords: Child Development Colombia Home Visiting Low-Income Children (search for similar items in EconPapers)Ĭitations: View citations in EconPapers (24) Track citations by RSS feed Identifies the effects of exposure to a subsidized childcare program in Colombia on children's nutritional status, cognitive and socioemotional development. Mathematica Policy Research Reports from Mathematica Policy Research Subsidized Childcare and Child Development in Colombia: Effects of Hogares Comunitarios de Bienestar as a Function of Timing and Length of Exposure
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